Kea: Kea Host Commands Hooks Library

| Kea 3.2.0-git

Kea Host Commands Hooks Library

Welcome to Kea Host Commands Hooks Library.

This documentation is addressed at developers who are interested in internal operation of the Host Commands library. This file provides information needed to understand and perhaps extend this library.

This documentation is stand-alone: you should have read and understood Kea Developer's Guide and in particular its section about hooks: Hooks Developer's Guide.

# Overview

## Introduction

libdhcp_host_cmds is a hooks library which provides additional commands for manipulating host reservations. The currently supported commands are:

- reservation-get-all - which attempts to retrieve all host reservations in specified subnet.
- reservation-get-page - which attempts to retrieve a page of host reservations optionally in specified subnet.
- reservation-get-by-hostname - which attempts to retrieve all host reservations with specified hostname and optionally in a specified subnet.
- reservation-get-by-id - which attempts to retrieve all host reservations with specified identifier, e.g. for a given MAC address.
- reservation-get - which attempts to retrieve host reservation with specified parameters, e.g. for a given IP or MAC address. This allows you to do several things. You can check if a given device has any IP addresses or options reserved. Alternatively, you can check whether a given IP is reserved by anyone. Details of the reservation, if present, will be returned.
- reservation-add - inserts a new host reservation. This allows you to dynamically (while the server is running) to insert a new host reservation that would reserve an IPv4 address, IPv6 address, IPv6 prefix, DHCPv4 options, DHCPv6 options, several DHCPv4 fields or even assign a client to specified client class. The host reservation will be inserted into a database and will be kept after Kea restart.
- reservation-del - deletes existing host reservation. This allows you to remove an existing reservation while the server is running. This will delete the reservation and options associated with that reservation (if present) from the database.
- reservation-update - updates an existing host reservation.

## Applying reservation modifications

To take full advantage of the host reservations API, it is useful to understand the life cycle of host reservations and leases. There are two interesting cases which are worth mentioning.

First is a case where there is a device that doesn't have any reservation and simply got an address or prefix from a dynamic pool. Then the system administrator decides to add a reservation for this device. There is no reliable DHCP protocol mechanism that will enforce this change immediately (there is reconfigure mechanism, but it is rarely supported by client implementations, so Kea does not support it yet). However, the reservation will be deployed shortly after the client renews. When it tries to renew, Kea will detect that the client has an address, but there is a reservation that reserves a different address. Client's renewal request will be rejected (by sending NAK in DHCPv4 or sending the address with 0 lifetimes in DHCPv6). In DHCPv4, the client will then restart configuration process and will get the new address specified in the reservation. DHCPv6 protocol is a bit more flexible in this regard in the sense that it allows to send the new lease in the same REPLY message that forces the old address to be abandoned. This may take up to your renew-timer seconds to complete.

The second case is for cases when a new reservation was added for an address for client B, but the address is currently used by client A. In principle, this is somewhat bad operational practice, but there may be valid cases when this is really needed. If such circumstances are detected, Kea will revoke the address from A when it tries to renew. However, until that happens, Kea has no way to assign it to B, so it will temporarily assign a different address to B. Eventually, the address will become available, so B would be able to get it. This may take up to almost twice the time of your renew-timer to complete.

The bottom point is that after you change the reservation, Kea will do its best to apply your changes, no matter of the current state of affairs. It may not be an instant process, but the reservation will be fully enforced.

Of course changing a reservation requires the target backend to not be in read-only mode.

## Internal structure

Almost all code is constrained within isc::host_cmds namespace.

The core library consists of several files:

- host_cmds.h - This file contains definition of a isc::host_cmds::HostCmds class that contains handlers for specific operations: reservationAddHandler for adding new reservation, reservationGetHandler for retrieving an existing reservation, reservationGetAllHandler for retrieving existing reservations in a subnet, reservationGetPageHandler for retrieving by pages existing reservations in a subnet and reservationDelHandler for deleting a reservation. This class uses pimpl design pattern, which means that the actual implementation is hidden in an internal object. The advantage of this approach is mostly hermetization, i.e. the internals are not exposed and the whole library provides small, clean interface. There is a pointer to internal class called HostCmdsImpl. That class is defined in host_cmds.cc.
- host_cmds.cc - This file contains the most importance piece: code that performs the operations on reservations. There are some auxiliary methods and structures present as well. The most notable one is HostCmdsImpl::getParameters(), which tries to extract parameters set by the client. The set of allowed parameters for retrieving and deleting a reservation is the same, so this method is used in both cases. All command handlers do not implement the logic itself, but rather pass the execution to HostMgr, which is part of open source Kea. See isc::dhcp::HostMgr in Kea for details. One notable aspect here that should be mentioned is how add reservation code handles parameters specified by whoever called the reservation-add command. In principle, the syntax is very similar to defining host reservations in a configuration file. However, there is one significant difference. In the configuration file, each reservation is defined for specific subnet, so the subnet-id can be inferred from its parent subnet and thus not specified. However, with reservation-add command, this has to be specified explicitly. Therefore there is an extension called isc::host_cmds::HostDataParser. See host_data_parser.h file for details.
- host_cmds_callouts.cc - This is a very simple file that provides wrappers for hook points. Due to the way how hooks interface is defined in Kea, these are plain C-style functions (note extern "C" clause and lack of namespaces). This file also contains load() and unload() functions. The load function registers the commands.
- version.cc - This file contains a single function that returns Kea hooks version. This is part of the mandatory hooks library interface and is used by Kea to check if the library is not compiled against too old or too new version.
- host_cmds_messages.cc - This file is autogenerated and should never be modified. If you want to introduce any changes, please modify host_cmds_messages.mes instead.
- host_cmds_messages.h - This file is autogenerated and should never be modified. If you want to introduce any changes, please modify host_cmds_messages.mes instead.
- host_cmds_messages.mes - This file contains list of all message the library could print, with a short description of what specific message means.
- host_data_parser.h - This file contains a template that extends regular parser that is able to parse host reservations. See isc::dhcp::HostReservationParser4 and isc::dhcp::HostReservationParser6 is Kea source code. This extended parser adds the ability to also parse subnet-id parameter that is not needed in a configuration file, but is necessary in commands.
- host_cmds_log.h - This file contains declaration of a logger that is used in host_cmds library.
- host_cmds_log.cc - This file contains definition of a logger that is used in host_cmds library.
- host_cmds.dox - This doxygen documentation contains main part of the Developer's Guide text.

## Regenerating this documentation

To regenerate this documentation, type: make devel in the main directory of the host_cmds library. Make sure you have at least doxygen software installed, but it is useful to also have graphviz. The generated documentation will be stored in html/ directory.

## Testing

Similar to all other code in Kea, also this library comes with unit-tests that use googletest framework. Those tests are stored in tests/ directory. To build and run them, you need to pass -D tests=enabled to the "meson setup" command line. Once the code builds, you can run tests with "meson compile". This command can be run in top-level build directory (all tests will be run) or by running tests on this library only "meson test -C build dhcp-host-cmds-tests".

# Multi-Threading Compatibility

The libdhcp_host_cmds hooks library is compatible with multi-threading. Commands which modify a host reservation are limited to database backends which are thread safe.